The thing to understand is that true "languages" have developed with bids, so that partners can exchange information and find the best final contract.
How many points I have, how many cards in each suit (what is called the "distribution"): that is the information bids provide. In addition to being a contract that will be played if the bidding ends there.
That is why you need to understand each other well with your partner, you see!
These "languages", called "bidding systems", are chosen by each pair. Good news: in France, almost everyone plays roughly the same system, which means you can play with anyone and you will understand each other. Bad news: if you travel abroad, you will need to agree on the system with your partner.
I will give you roughly the meaning of the main openings, i.e., the first bid of the deal:
| Opening | Promised points | Promised distribution |
|---|---|---|
| 1♣ or 1♦ | At least 12 HCP | If nothing else can be said |
| 1♥ or 1♠ | At least 12 HCP | At least 5 cards in Hearts (or Spades) |
| 1NT | 15, 16 or 17 HCP | Between 2 and 6 cards per suit (with 6 cards in Hearts or Spades: open 1♥ or 1♠) |
| 2NT | 20 or 21 HCP | Between 2 and 6 cards per suit (with 6 cards in Hearts or Spades: open 1♥ or 1♠) |
You are the first to speak. Which opening describes this hand?
Section quizYour partner opens with 1♦. You have 12 HCP and would have opened yourself. Before knowing the exact contract, what goal do you keep in mind?
Section quizNo bid to choose: you have two Kings, one Queen and two Jacks, no Ace. How many HCP do you count?
Reactivation quizFigure it out and play the games with as many points as No Trump (25 HCP minimum): we will come back to it.